6 research outputs found
Multi-Agent Chance-Constrained Stochastic Shortest Path with Application to Risk-Aware Intelligent Intersection
In transportation networks, where traffic lights have traditionally been used
for vehicle coordination, intersections act as natural bottlenecks. A
formidable challenge for existing automated intersections lies in detecting and
reasoning about uncertainty from the operating environment and human-driven
vehicles. In this paper, we propose a risk-aware intelligent intersection
system for autonomous vehicles (AVs) as well as human-driven vehicles (HVs). We
cast the problem as a novel class of Multi-agent Chance-Constrained Stochastic
Shortest Path (MCC-SSP) problems and devise an exact Integer Linear Programming
(ILP) formulation that is scalable in the number of agents' interaction points
(e.g., potential collision points at the intersection). In particular, when the
number of agents within an interaction point is small, which is often the case
in intersections, the ILP has a polynomial number of variables and constraints.
To further improve the running time performance, we show that the collision
risk computation can be performed offline. Additionally, a trajectory
optimization workflow is provided to generate risk-aware trajectories for any
given intersection. The proposed framework is implemented in CARLA simulator
and evaluated under a fully autonomous intersection with AVs only as well as in
a hybrid setup with a signalized intersection for HVs and an intelligent scheme
for AVs. As verified via simulations, the featured approach improves
intersection's efficiency by up to while also conforming to the
specified tunable risk threshold
Hierarchical Constrained Stochastic Shortest Path Planning via Cost Budget Allocation
Stochastic sequential decision making often requires hierarchical structure
in the problem where each high-level action should be further planned with
primitive states and actions. In addition, many real-world applications require
a plan that satisfies constraints on the secondary costs such as risk measure
or fuel consumption. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical constrained
stochastic shortest path problem (HC-SSP) that meets those two crucial
requirements in a single framework. Although HC-SSP provides a useful framework
to model such planning requirements in many real-world applications, the
resulting problem has high complexity and makes it difficult to find an optimal
solution fast which prevents user from applying it to real-time and
risk-sensitive applications. To address this problem, we present an algorithm
that iteratively allocates cost budget to lower level planning problems based
on branch-and-bound scheme to find a feasible solution fast and incrementally
update the incumbent solution. We demonstrate the proposed algorithm in an
evacuation scenario and prove the advantage over a state-of-the-art
mathematical programming based approach
QSRNet: Estimating Qualitative Spatial Representations from RGB-D Images
© 2020 IEEE. Humans perceive and describe their surroundings with qualitative statements (e.g., "Alice's hand is in contact with a bottle."), rather than quantitative values (e.g., 6-D poses of Alice's hand and a bottle). Qualitative spatial representation (QSR) is a framework that represents the spatial information of objects in a qualitative manner. Region connection calculus (RCC), qualitative trajectory calculus (QTC), and qualitative distance calculus (QDC) are some popular QSR calculi. With the recent development of computer vision, it is important to compute QSR calculi from the visual inputs (e.g., RGB-D images). In fact, many QSR application domains (e.g., human activity recognition (HAR) in robotics) involve visual inputs. We propose a qualitative spatial representation network (QSRNet) that computes the three QSR calculi (i.e., RCC, QTC, and QDC) from the RGB-D images. QSRNet has the following novel contributions. First, QSRNet models the dependencies among the three QSR calculi. We introduce the dependencies as kinematics for QSR because they are analogous to the kinematics in classical mechanics. Second, QSRNet applies the 3-D point cloud instance segmentation to compute the QSR calculi. The experimental results show that QSRNet improves the accuracy in comparison to the other state-of-the-art techniques